Thomas Hobbes (born 1588 CE) had a dismal view of humans living “in a state of nature.” In his famous book Leviathan (published 1651 CE) he characterized human life as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” From all the evidence we have it appears that he was, to a first approximation, absolutely correct about the human condition.
Human beings — species homo sapience — have been around for approximately 300,000 years. Taking a generation to be 25 years, we have had 12,000 generations of human beings prior to our own. An estimated 100 billion of us have ever lived, including the present 8 billion. Continue reading “Wealth, Income, Consumption & Utility – Part 1”